Skip to content
Qzentra

Case fileData Engineering

Enterprise Data Query Architecture

Query architectures for analytical workloads across data platforms and data lakes, using distributed and embedded engines over Azure Data Lake storage.

  • Trino
  • DuckDB
  • Apache Drill
  • Azure Data Lake
  • Python
  • SQL

Layer coverage

  1. Data: worked in this layer
  2. Infrastructure: worked in this layer
  3. APIs: worked in this layer
  4. AI: not part of this system
  5. Automation: not part of this system
  6. Application: worked in this layer
Enters through
Data Engineering
System
Distributed and federated query architecture
Also demonstrates
Custom AI Applications

The challenge

Analytical workloads needed to query and process data across modern data platforms and data lakes, including federation across sources and direct access to lake storage.

What made it non-trivial

  • Data spread across platforms and lake storage rather than one database
  • Analytical processing that has to scale with the workload
  • Different engines suit different query shapes

What Qzentra engineered

Qzentra designed query architectures over data lake storage using distributed and embedded engines. The engines involved are Trino, DuckDB, and Apache Drill, over Azure Data Lake, with Python and SQL as the processing languages.

Each engine has a distinct role. Trino runs distributed SQL across sources, so one query can federate data that lives in different places. DuckDB runs embedded analytical queries inside Python processes, close to the files, where a cluster would only add overhead. Apache Drill queries files and stores directly, without a fixed schema being defined first.

Which engine serves which workload is decided by the shape of the query and the data. The architecture is performance-aware by design: access patterns, not vendor defaults, decide where processing happens.

What Qzentra was responsible for

  • Data architecture across platforms and lake storage
  • Query-engine selection and configuration
  • Data federation across sources
  • Analytical processing in Python and SQL

How the system works

Four layers, foundation first. The architecture is described at the level the documentation supports.

  1. lake storage

    Data

    Data lives in Azure Data Lake storage and in the platforms around it.

  2. query engines

    Infrastructure

    Distributed and embedded engines, Trino, DuckDB, and Apache Drill, process analytical queries over that storage.

  3. federation

    APIs

    Queries reach across sources rather than requiring everything to be copied into one store first.

  4. analytics

    Application

    Analytical workflows in Python and SQL consume the results.

The query architecture drawn over the lake.The lake strata hold the data. Three engines of different shapes sit over it and query in place; the answers rise to the analytical window. Nothing is copied into one store first.

Engineering decisions

  1. Engine per workload shape

    Distributed and embedded engines have different strengths. The architecture uses more than one so that each workload runs on the engine suited to it.

  2. Query in place before centralizing

    Federation across sources and direct lake access avoid copying everything into one store before a question can be asked.

  3. Lake storage as the foundation

    Azure Data Lake holds the data; engines are layered over it rather than replacing it.

What was achieved

  • Analytical workloads query across data platforms and data lakes
  • Distributed and federated access without centralizing everything first
  • Each workload runs on the engine suited to its query shape
  • Analytical processing in Python and SQL directly over Azure Data Lake storage

Technology, after the architecture

Named last, with the role each played. The capabilities are what the project demonstrates beyond its primary service.

  • TrinoDistributed SQL query engine
  • DuckDBEmbedded analytical engine
  • Apache DrillQuery engine over files and stores
  • Azure Data LakeLake storage
  • Python and SQLProcessing and analytical workflows

Capabilities demonstrated

  • data architecture
  • query engines
  • data lake access
  • data federation
  • analytical workflows
  • performance-aware data engineering

Discuss a project

Is your analytical data spread across platforms that do not talk to each other?

Tell us where the data lives, what the queries look like, and who runs them. Query architectures are scoped from the workload, not from a product list.